RESEARCH & EVIDENCE
The science behind performance hydration.
CMPND+ brings highly soluble Creatine HCl and electrolytes into one formula built for your water bottle.
Our approach starts with three questions: How does the creatine dissolve? How does the body transport it? And how can we bring creatine and hydration into a routine people actually enjoy?
Here is the research behind those decisions.
01 — WHY CREATINE HCl
A different form. A deliberate choice.
CMPND+ contains 2g of CON-CRET® Creatine HCl per serving. We chose the hydrochloride form for its exceptional water solubility—a defining consideration for a creatine product designed to be mixed into water.
38× greater water solubility in laboratory testing.
In a peer-reviewed study comparing creatine salts, Gufford and colleagues measured approximately 38 times greater aqueous solubility for Creatine HCl than creatine monohydrate under the conditions tested.
That finding supports our choice of HCl for a drinkable creatine formula. Solubility describes how much dissolves in water; it does not establish 38 times faster absorption or greater muscle uptake.
Read the research: Gufford et al., Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2010
02 — THE CONNECTION BETWEEN CREATINE AND ELECTROLYTES
The pairing is intentional.
Creatine enters muscle cells through a specialized transporter called SLC6A8. That transporter depends on sodium and chloride gradients to move creatine across the cell membrane.
Researchers describe a transport model involving:
2 sodium ions + 1 chloride ion + 1 creatine molecule
This biology helped inspire our approach: consider creatine alongside the electrolytes involved in cellular function and hydration.
The ratio describes molecular transport, rather than a supplement mixing ratio. Research has not established that CMPND+’s electrolyte blend increases muscle creatine uptake.
Read the research: Farr et al., Frontiers in Physiology, 2022
03 — THE ELECTROLYTE FORMULA
1,060mg of electrolytes. Each with a role.
Every CMPND+ serving provides:
800mg sodium
Sodium helps regulate fluid volume outside cells, including blood plasma.
200mg potassium
Potassium helps maintain fluid balance inside cells and supports normal nerve transmission and muscle contraction.
Together, sodium and potassium help maintain the electrical and fluid balance that cells need to function. Explore the physiology: NIH potassium reference
60mg magnesium
Magnesium contributes to energy production and normal muscle and nerve function. Explore the physiology: NIH magnesium reference
These amounts are part of our deliberate formulation for active people. Individual electrolyte needs vary with diet, activity and sweat losses.
04 — CREATINE & PERFORMANCE
Support starts at the cellular level.
Creatine contributes to the phosphocreatine system, which helps regenerate ATP—the energy currency cells use during demanding activity.
Decades of research support creatine supplementation for repeated high-intensity exercise and improvements in strength and lean mass alongside training. Most of that evidence comes from creatine monohydrate.
This research establishes the foundation for creatine’s role in performance. Studies of particular forms and doses remain important when evaluating individual products.
Read the evidence: International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand, 2017
05 — COMFORT & CONSISTENCY
The experience matters, too.
We built CMPND+ around a highly soluble form of creatine, a measured serving and a drinking experience designed to fit into everyday life.
Digestive comfort matters to that experience. Bloating and gastrointestinal discomfort can occur for some people taking creatine, particularly with large single doses. Greater water solubility alone does not establish that a product prevents those symptoms, and individual tolerance varies.
A loading phase is also optional in established creatine-monohydrate protocols: smaller daily doses can gradually increase muscle creatine stores. That finding does not establish dose equivalence between monohydrate and HCl.
Read the review: Common questions and misconceptions about creatine, 2021
06 — OUR APPROACH TO THE EVIDENCE
Established science. Thoughtful formulation. More to learn.
Our formulation draws on creatine physiology, published HCl solubility research and the established functions of electrolytes.
The research linked here examines ingredients and biological mechanisms. CMPND+’s finished formula has not undergone a published clinical trial establishing superior absorption, freedom from bloating or equivalence between its 2g HCl serving and 5g of monohydrate.
We believe innovation starts with asking better questions—and explaining clearly what the evidence shows.
Creatine, upgraded for your daily routine.
2g Creatine HCl. 1,060mg electrolytes. One portable serving.
Creatine Transport Biology
- Li et al. (2025) — Structure of the human creatine transporter (SLC6A8) in sodium/chloride-dependent creatine uptake. PNAS. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2426135122
- Bhutada et al. (2010) — Creatine transporter stoichiometry: 2 Na⁺ : 1 Cl⁻ : 1 Cr electrogenic cotransport. American Journal of Physiology (PMC). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2904179/
- Bhalla & Bhatt (2020) — Sodium electrochemical gradients drive transport of ions, minerals, and sugars across cell membranes. Frontiers in Physiology. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.00294/full
Cognitive Performance
- Gordji-Nejad et al. (2024) — Creatine improved cognitive performance exceeding wake baseline after sleep deprivation. Scientific Reports (Nature). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-54249-9
- McMorris et al. (2006) — Creatine improved mood and prefrontal cortex function under sleep deprivation. Psychopharmacology.
- Systematic review of creatine and cognition (2024). PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11275561/
Solubility, Dosing & Tolerability
- Gufford et al. (2010) — Creatine HCl is 38x more soluble than monohydrate. Journal of Dietary Supplements. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22432515/
- Jäger et al. (2011) — Monohydrate solubility limitations at various temperatures. Amino Acids. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00726-011-0874-6
- Wagner et al. (2025) — 79.2% of monohydrate users report GI symptoms. medRxiv. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.13.25320389v1
- Fernandes et al. (2025) — GI discomfort linked to osmotic effect of undissolved creatine. Frontiers in Nutrition. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1534908/full
- Antonio et al. (2021) — 3–5g/day for 4 weeks achieves muscle saturation without loading. JISSN. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w
Tactical & High-Demand Applications
- Forbes et al. (2024) — Creatine benefits for firefighters, police, and soldiers across physical and cognitive performance. Nutrients.
- U.S. House Armed Services Committee — NDAA FY2025 report encouraging DOD to consider creatine in MREs. https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2024/05/31/House-committee-encourages-DoD-to-study-creatine-for-military-meals/
Hydration & Electrolytes
- Dehydration and cognitive function review. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4207053/
- Electrolyte beverage vs. water outcomes. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6769552/
Creatine Efficacy (General)
- Kreider et al. (2017) — ISSN Position Stand: creatine is the most effective ergogenic supplement available. JISSN. https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z